In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
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Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
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Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
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To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
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In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
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To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
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Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
Modal example sentences | |
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Why do you have to finish everything today? | Neden bugün bitirmek zorundasın? |
I'm already scared, can you please stop with that evil thing? | Zaten korkuyorum, şu kötülük olayını bırakır mısın lütfen? |
You know, the landlords should give you some kitchen utensils. | Yani hani ev sahipleri sana mutfak eşyası verirler ya. |
Hmm, nope, I think we can buy everything here. | Imm, yok bence her şeyi buradan alabiliriz. |
I can smell something nice. | Güzel kokular alıyorum. |
Yes there were, but they must have been taken 50 years ago! | Evet vardı, ama 50 yıl önce çekilmiş olmalılar! |
I use gumtree.com, are there any others you can recommend? | gumtree.com'u kullanıyorum, senin tavsiye edebileceğin başka yerler var mı? |
Hm, I would like to see her, but I don't think we should disturb her. | Hmm, onu görmek isterim ama bence rahatsız etmeyelim. |
I guess we should go and check another store. | Sanırım gidip başka bi' markete bakmamız gerekecek. |
Um, I'm going to finish at 5, we can meet at 17:30 if you like. | Hmm, benim işim 5'te bitecek, istersen 17:30'da buluşabiliriz. |
How can you be so sure? | Nasıl bu kadar emin olabiliyorsun? |
I can understand that. | Bunu anlayabilirim. |
I already couldn't sleep at all last night! | Zaten dün gece hiç uyuyamadım! |
I can't find my bra, can you see it? | Sütyenimi bulamıyorum, görebiliyor musun? |
Yes darling, we just live in the house next door, you can come anytime! | Evet hayatım, biz evin hemen yanında oturuyoruz, her zaman gelebilirsin! |
Maybe she could even put some poison in their food! | Yemeklerine zehir bile koyabilir belki! |
As you might know, you should always keep an eye on your stuff at pubs. | Bildiğiniz gibi, pub'larda gözünüz hep eşyalarınızın üzerinde olsun. |
He can get some bread on his way back. | Gelirken ekmek alabilir. |
How can I turn it on? | Bunu nasıl yakıyorum? |
Umm, we can raise it just a little bit, like 50%. | Hmm, birazcık artırabiliriz, %50 kadar. |