عربي
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| I can hear well, you don't have to shout at me, dear. | .يمكنني سماعك بشكل جيد، لا تحتاج أن تصيح، ياعزيزي |
| But I wonder what it says, can you show it to me, too? | لكن انا أتسائل ماذا تقول، هل يمكنك أن تريها لي، أيضاً؟ |
| I don't know, it's up to you, you can cook anything you like. | .لا أعلم، هذا يعود إليك، يمكنك طهى أى شىء تحبه |
| Why can French restaurants serve bugs, but Chinese ones can't? | لماذا يمكن للمطاعم الفرنسية تقديم البق، بينما لا تستطيع الصينية ذلك؟ |
| Of course, we can leave whenever you want. | .بالطبع، يمكننا الذهاب الى اى مكان تريدينه |
| I have to go home and check on Pogo first. | .يجب ان أذهب الى المنزل لتفقد بوجو أولاً |
| We can continue talking about that on the train. | .يمكننا الإستمرار فى الحديث عن هذا فى القطار |
| Possibly, also the new environment might make him feel insecure. | .من المحتمل، أيضاً قد تجعله البيئة الجديدة يشعر بعدم الأمان |
| I think the chicken must be ready by now. | .أعتقد ان الدجاج يجب ان يكون جاهزاً الان |
| You shouldn't have woken her up in the morning! | !لم يكن يجب أن توقظيها في الصباح |
| It must be very difficult for your mum. | .يجب ان يكون هذا أمراً صعباً بالنسبة لوالدتك |
| But we should tell them to clean up the mess. | .لكن يجب علينا ان نخبرهم ان يقوموا بتنظيف الفوضى |
| I'm not sure, I have to check my calendar first! | !لست متأكدَا، يجب ان أتفقد جدولي أولًا |
| Hmm, well, I guess I have to think about it. | .مممم, حسناً, أعتقد أننى سأفكر فى هذا الأمر |
| I can understand that. | .يمكننى تفهم ذلك |
| But I have to do it sometimes to visit my family. | .لكن أضطر الى فعل ذلك فى بعض الأحيان لزيارة عائلتى |
| Of course, but I can only peel the potatoes with a peeler. | .بالطبع، لكن انا استطيع تقشير البطاطس فقط بواسطة المقشرة |
| I think we should move from that house as soon as we can! | !أعتقد أنه يجب علينا الإنتقال من هذا المنزل في أقرب وقت ممكن |
| Same, I can take you out for dinner! | !نفس الشيء، يمكنني أخذك للعشاء في الخارج |
| Then we might not be able to find it here, either. | .اذاً قد لا نكون قادرين على إيجاده هنا أيضاً |
