In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
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Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
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Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
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To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
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In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
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To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
Modal example sentences | |
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We can do it whenever you like. | .يمكننا أن نقوم بذلك فى أى وقت تحبينه |
Okay, we can put all my winter clothes away, then. | .حسنًا، يمكننا وضع جميع ملابسي الشتوية بعيدًا، إذاً |
Can you do me a favour in return? | هل يمكنكِ ان تقومى بعمل معروف لى مقابل ذلك؟ |
I don't want to upset you, but I have to tell you something! | !لا أريد ان أزعجك، ولكن يجب ان أخبركِ بشيء |
Mr. Jones, I'm calling about the house in Angel! Can you hear me? | سيد جونز، أنا أتصل بخصوص المنزل الواقع في أنغيل! هل يمكنك سماعي؟ |
We can use the queue that goes faster. | .يمكننا أستخدام الصف الذى يسير بشكل أسرع |
We can get the other things on the way back. | .يمكننا إحضار الأشياء الأخرى فى طريقنا للعودة |
Of course, we can leave whenever you want. | .بالطبع، يمكننا الذهاب الى اى مكان تريدينه |
Can you call the manager and get back to me ASAP? | هل يمكنكٍ الإتصال بالمدير و العودة الى فى أقرب وقت؟ |
I think we should move from that house as soon as we can! | !أعتقد أنه يجب علينا الإنتقال من هذا المنزل في أقرب وقت ممكن |
We can get return tickets when we come back. | .يمكننا الحصول على تذاكر العودة عندما نعود |
Check the cupboard just in front of you, it should be there. | .تفقدى الدولاب امامك، يجب ان تكون هناك |
Hello, Diamond Duck, can I help you? | مرحبًا، هذا مطعم دياموند داك، كيف يمكنني مساعدتك؟ |
By just paying a little bit more you could've rented a house in better condition. | .عن طريق دفع القليل من المزيد كان يمكنك تأجير منزل بحالة أفضل |
It's not easy, but not impossible, in the end, you can get it. | .ليس من السهل، لكن ليس مستحيلاً، فى النهاية يمكنك الحصول عليه |
I don't know, it's up to you, you can cook anything you like. | .لا أعلم، هذا يعود إليك، يمكنك طهى أى شىء تحبه |
Maybe we should start looking for houses in the suburbs first. | .ربما يجب علينا البدء في البحث عن المنازل في الضواحي أولًا |
Yes darling, we just live in the house next door, you can come anytime! | !أجل ياعزيزي، نحن نعيش في المنزل المجاور له، يمكنك القدوم في أي وقت |
I can smell something nice. | .يمكننى شم رائحة شىء جيد |
I can't find my underwear, either! | !وانا لا يمكنني العثور على ملابسي الداخلية، كذلك |