In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
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Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
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Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
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To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
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In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
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To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
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Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
Modal example sentences | |
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That's nice, can we add some beer to it for me, also? | यह अच्छा है, क्या हम मेरे लिए इसमें थोड़ा बियर भी डाल सकते हैं? |
No, all the cutlery should be in the top drawer! | नहीं, सभी कांटे-चम्मच ऊपर वाली दराज़ में होने चाहिए! |
You don't have to take me to a very fancy restaurant... | तुम्हें मुझे बहुत आलिशान रेस्टोरेंट में ले जाने की जरुरत नहीं है... |
Haven't decided yet, but you can call me when you finish. | अभी तक सोचा नहीं लेकिन, अपना काम खत्म करने बाद तुम मुझे कॉल कर सकते हो। |
Of course, you can have whatever you want. | जरुर, तुम जो चाहो ले सकती हो। |
I'm not sure, I have to check my calendar first! | मुझे नहीं पता, पहले मुझे अपना कैलेंडर देखना होगा! |
Sorry to interrupt your story, but I really have to go now! | आपकी कहानी को बीच में रोकने के लिए माफी चाहती हूँ लेकिन मुझे अब जाना होगा! |
Can I get you some drinks to start with? | क्या मैं पहले आपके लिए कुछ पीने के लिए ला सकती हूँ? |
We can see how Bear and Pogo get on together. | हम यह देख सकते हैं कि बेयर और पोगो एक साथ कैसे रहते हैं। |
How can I turn it on? | मैं इसे कैसे चालू कर सकती हूँ? |
Maybe you can try some prawn crackers. | शायद तुम थोड़े प्रॉन क्रैकर आजमा सकते हो। |
I can tell their sex from their face. | मैं उनके चेहरे से उनका लिंग बता सकता हूँ। |
You should feel very lucky having him as a friend. | उसे दोस्त के रूप में पाकर तुम्हें बहुत भाग्यशाली महसूस करना चाहिए। |
But I have to do it sometimes to visit my family. | लेकिन अपने परिवार से मिलने जाने के लिए मुझे कभी-कभी यह करना पड़ता है। |
It may help prevent wasting time for both sides. | इससे शायद दोनों पक्षों का समय बर्बाद होने से बचने में मदद मिल जाये। |
Why can French restaurants serve bugs, but Chinese ones can't? | क्यों फ्रेंच रेस्टोरेंट कीड़े दे सकते हैं, लेकिन चीनी रेस्टोरेंट नहीं? |
Umm, we can raise it just a little bit, like 50%. | उम्म, हम इसे बस थोड़ा बढ़ा सकते हैं, जैसे 50%। |
Sorry Mike, I can't hear you, I have to hang up. | माफ करना माइक, मैं आपको नहीं सुन पा रही हूँ, मुझे रखना होगा। |
You know I work from home, so I can easily take care of them both. | मैं घर से काम करता हूँ इसलिए मैं आसानी से उन दोनों का ध्यान रख सकता हूँ। |
Joseph, I'm taking the room, we can sign the contract! | जोसफ, मैं कमरा ले रही हूँ, हम अनुबंध पर हस्ताक्षर कर सकते हैं! |