हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| You must work very hard. | आप बहुत काम करती होंगी। |
| But we have to leave now. | लेकिन अब हमें चलना होगा। |
| Then we can talk, maybe! | इसके बाद, शायद हम बात कर सकते हैं! |
| Can I get you some drinks to start with? | क्या मैं पहले आपके लिए कुछ पीने के लिए ला सकती हूँ? |
| Hmm, well, I guess I have to think about it. | हम्म, खैर, मुझे लगता है मुझे इसके बारे में सोचना होगा। |
| I think we can let him explore the garden. | मुझे लगता है हम उसे बगीचे में घूमने के लिए छोड़ सकते हैं। |
| And I can hold Bear, we can let them sniff each other first. | और मैं बेयर को पकड़ सकता हूँ, इसके बाद सबसे पहले हम उन्हें एक-दूसरे को सूंघने देंगे। |
| I use gumtree.com, are there any others you can recommend? | मैं gumtree.com का इस्तेमाल करती हूँ, क्या तुम किसी और वेबसाइट का सुझाव दे सकते हो? |
| Hmm, nope, I think we can buy everything here. | हम्म, नहीं मुझे लगता है हम यहाँ सबकुछ खरीद सकते हैं। |
| Or maybe we can just ask them when we see them in the house? | या जब हम उन्हें घर में देखेंगे तो शायद हम उनसे पूछ सकते हैं? |
| Maybe you can teach me how to make phone calls. | शायद तुम मुझे फोन कॉल करना सीखा सकते हो। |
| Yeah, maybe next time you can put that as a note on the ad. | हाँ, शायद अगली बार आप अपने विज्ञापन में टिप्पणी के रूप में यह डाल सकते हैं। |
| I see, but shouldn't they have given you at least a month's notice? | अच्छा, लेकिन क्या उन्हें तुम्हें कम से कम एक महीने का नोटिस नहीं देना चाहिए था? |
| Then I can start peeling the potatoes. | इसके बाद मैं आलू छिल सकती हूँ। |
| Maybe we can just borrow two slices of bread, then. | तो फिर शायद हम ब्रेड के दो टुकड़े उधार ले सकते हैं। |
| We can get return tickets when we come back. | हम वापस आते समय वापसी की टिकट ले सकते हैं। |
| I already couldn't sleep at all last night! | मैं पहले ही कल रात बिलकुल भी सो नहीं पायी हूँ! |
| No way, what else can I have instead of chips? | नहीं, मैं चिप्स के अलावा और क्या ले सकता हूँ? |
| But I have to do it sometimes to visit my family. | लेकिन अपने परिवार से मिलने जाने के लिए मुझे कभी-कभी यह करना पड़ता है। |
| The burglar might like it. | चोर को वो पसंद आ सकता था। |
