हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Sure, the room is empty so you can move in whenever you like. | हाँ जरुर, कमरा खाली है तो आप जब चाहे यहाँ आ सकती हैं। |
| Check the cupboard just in front of you, it should be there. | अपने सामने वाला कपबोर्ड देखो, यह वहां होना चाहिए। |
| I think we should move from that house as soon as we can! | मुझे लगता है जितनी जल्दी हो सके हमें उस घर से निकल जाना चाहिए! |
| That's better, we can get some thighs. | वो बेहतर है, हम थोड़ा थाइ ले सकते हैं। |
| The train leaves in a few minutes, we should get on soon. | ट्रेन कुछ मिनट में चलेगी, हमें जल्दी चढ़ना चाहिए। |
| I'm just concerned about whether we can afford to rent a house! | मैं बस इस बारे में चिंतित हूँ कि हम घर किराये पर लेने का बोझ उठा सकते हैं या नहीं! |
| Can you please stop being stupid, dear? | क्या तुम कृपया बेवकूफ बनना बंद कर सकते हो, प्रिय? |
| I'm not homophobic, but still you should've told me that before. | मुझे समलैंगिकों से डर नहीं लगता, लेकिन फिर भी तुम्हें मुझे पहले बताना चाहिए था। |
| Um, I'm going to finish at 5, we can meet at 17:30 if you like. | उम्म, मेरा काम 5 बजे खत्म हो जायेगा, अगर तुम चाहो तो हम 17:30 बजे मिल सकते हैं। |
| Hmm, nope, I think we can buy everything here. | हम्म, नहीं मुझे लगता है हम यहाँ सबकुछ खरीद सकते हैं। |
| Then we can talk, maybe! | इसके बाद, शायद हम बात कर सकते हैं! |
| I don't think so, she could have been her great-grandmother, maybe. | मुझे ऐसा नहीं लगता, शायद, वो उसकी परदादी हो सकती थी। |
| So you can choose something else, or I can get you a beer? | ताकि आप कुछ और चुन सकें या क्या मैं आपके लिए बियर ला सकता हूँ? |
| That movie might even be older than me! | वो फिल्म तो मुझसे भी पुरानी होगी! |
| But I wonder what it says, can you show it to me, too? | लेकिन मैं सोच रही हूँ इसमें क्या लिखा है, क्या तुम मुझे भी यह दिखा सकते हो? |
| I can pay 700 or maximum 750 per month, only if I have to! | मैं हर महीने 700 दे सकती हूँ या अधिकतम 750, यदि बहुत जरुरी हुआ तो! |
| Can't we have the meeting without the f*cking IT manager! | क्या हम उस चू*ये आईटी प्रबंधक के बिना बैठक नहीं कर सकते हैं! |
| You must be joking! | लगता है आप मज़ाक कर रही हैं! |
| You shouldn't have woken her up in the morning! | तुम्हें उसे सुबह नहीं उठाना चाहिए था! |
| Okay, can you make the appointments before 2? | ठीक है, क्या तुम 2 बजे से पहले का समय तय कर सकती हो? |
