हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| I can pay 700 or maximum 750 per month, only if I have to! | मैं हर महीने 700 दे सकती हूँ या अधिकतम 750, यदि बहुत जरुरी हुआ तो! |
| I brought one, maybe you should bring one, too. | मैंने अपना जैकेट लिया है, शायद तुम्हें भी एक रख लेना चाहिए। |
| I don't think so, she could have been her great-grandmother, maybe. | मुझे ऐसा नहीं लगता, शायद, वो उसकी परदादी हो सकती थी। |
| Sorry... Beary! Come here, my boy, seems we have to wait a while. | माफ करना... बेयर! यहां आओ, लगता है हमें थोड़ी देर इंतज़ार करना होगा। |
| I may need to leave him with Mike sometimes. | मुझे कभी-कभी उसे माइक के साथ छोड़ने की जरुरत पड़ सकती है। |
| I wish I could, but I can't, I have to get ready for work. | काश मैं कर पाती, लेकिन नहीं कर सकती, मुझे काम के लिए तैयार होना है। |
| Sure, the room is empty so you can move in whenever you like. | हाँ जरुर, कमरा खाली है तो आप जब चाहे यहाँ आ सकती हैं। |
| No, you have to bring your own or buy new ones, dear. | नहीं, प्रिय, वे तुम्हें अपने लाने होंगे या नए खरीदने होंगे। |
| We can use the queue that goes faster. | हम उस लाइन का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं जो तेज जा रही है। |
| That's nice, can we add some beer to it for me, also? | यह अच्छा है, क्या हम मेरे लिए इसमें थोड़ा बियर भी डाल सकते हैं? |
| Haven't decided yet, but you can call me when you finish. | अभी तक सोचा नहीं लेकिन, अपना काम खत्म करने बाद तुम मुझे कॉल कर सकते हो। |
| I'm so sorry, I couldn't leave school on time. | माफ करना, मैं समय पर स्कूल से नहीं निकल पायी। |
| But we have to leave now. | लेकिन अब हमें चलना होगा। |
| But I have to finish doing everything today. | लेकिन मुझे आज ही सारा काम खत्म करना होगा। |
| You can sit on the sofa and hold him on your lap. | तुम उसे अपनी गोद में पकड़कर सोफे पर बैठ सकती हो। |
| You should, it might be more helpful to find some houses around here. | तुम्हें देखना चाहिए, इससे तुम्हें यहाँ आसपास घर खोजने में ज्यादा मदद मिल सकती है। |
| I can feel Pogo's heart beating like a maniac. | मैं महसूस कर सकती हूँ कि पोगो का दिल जोर-जोर से धड़क रहा है। |
| I'm just concerned about whether we can afford to rent a house! | मैं बस इस बारे में चिंतित हूँ कि हम घर किराये पर लेने का बोझ उठा सकते हैं या नहीं! |
| But I have to do it sometimes to visit my family. | लेकिन अपने परिवार से मिलने जाने के लिए मुझे कभी-कभी यह करना पड़ता है। |
| Hello, Diamond Duck, can I help you? | हैलो, डायमंड डक, क्या मैं आपकी मदद कर सकती हूँ? |
