Türkçe
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
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In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
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To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Can you separate your clothes, then? | O zaman kıyafetlerini ayırabilir misin? |
| Yeah, we should add some salt. | Evet, biraz tuz koymalıyız. |
| Maybe we can just borrow two slices of bread, then. | Belki iki dilim ekmek ödünç alabiliriz o zaman. |
| I wish I could, but I can't, I have to get ready for work. | Keşke yapabilsem, ama yapamam, işe hazırlanmak zorundayım. |
| I don't know, it's up to you, you can cook anything you like. | Bilmem, sana bağlı, istediğin herhangi bir şeyi yapabilirsin. |
| It must be very difficult for your mum. | Annen için çok zor olmalı. |
| I don't think you can use any other rice for risotto. | Rizotto için başka pirinç kullanılabildiğini zannetmiyorum. |
| Umm, yeah, I think we should consider living in Angel, too. | Hmm, evet, bence Angel'da yaşamayı da düşünebiliriz. |
| We can see how Bear and Pogo get on together. | Bear ile Pogo birlikte iyi geçiniyorlar mı görürüz. |
| I'm not homophobic, but still you should've told me that before. | Homofobik değilim, ama yine de bana daha önceden söylemeliydin. |
| Yes darling, we just live in the house next door, you can come anytime! | Evet hayatım, biz evin hemen yanında oturuyoruz, her zaman gelebilirsin! |
| But we should tell them to clean up the mess. | Ama bu dağınıklığı temizlemeleri için haber vermeliyiz. |
| Umm, we can raise it just a little bit, like 50%. | Hmm, birazcık artırabiliriz, %50 kadar. |
| I don't want to upset you, but I have to tell you something! | Seni üzmek istemiyorum, ama sana bir şey söylemem gerekiyor! |
| You know I work from home, so I can easily take care of them both. | Biliyorsun ben evden çalışıyorum, onun için ikisiyle birden ilgilenebilirim. |
| Possibly, also the new environment might make him feel insecure. | Olabilir, ayrıca yeni ortamda kendini güvende hissetmemesine neden olabilir. |
| Oh yes, I can see it now. | Ha, evet şimdi görebiliyorum. |
| I can't find my underwear, either! | Ben de iç çamaşırlarımı bulamıyorum! |
| No, you have to bring your own or buy new ones, dear. | Hayır, kendinizinkini getirmeniz ya da yeni almanız gerekiyor canım. |
| So you can choose something else, or I can get you a beer? | Başka bir şeyler seçebilir veya size bira getirebilirim. |
