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In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| I don't want to upset you, but I have to tell you something! | 기분 상하게 하려는 게 아니고, 말해줄 게 있어서! |
| I can't find my bra, can you see it? | 나 브래지어 못 찾겠는데, 어디 안 보여? |
| After hearing the pooping story, I'm not sure I should offer this... | 똥 얘기를 듣고 나니까, 좀 주저되는 게 사실이지만... |
| You know I work from home, so I can easily take care of them both. | 나는 재택근무하잖아. 그러니까 두 녀석 다 잘 봐줄 수 있어. |
| Have you watched A.I.? It's quite violent, too, you might like it. | <A.I.>는 봤어? 그것도 꽤 잔인하거든, 좋아할 지도 몰라. |
| We can wander around till 7 or 8 and have some drinks, maybe. | 7-8시쯤 까지는 돌아다니면서 술이라도 몇 잔 할 수도 있지. |
| Then we might not be able to find it here, either. | 그럼 여기서도 못 찾을지도 모르겠다. |
| Of course, we can leave whenever you want. | 물론이지, 네가 원할 때 언제든 가면 돼. |
| Hey, it's my turn, but I think Pogo should go first. | 있지, 내 차례지만, 포고가 먼저 가야 할 거 같아. |
| I can tell their sex from their face. | 얼굴을 보면 성별을 알 수 있죠. |
| We can get return tickets when we come back. | 오는 길에 사면 될 거야. |
| After I finish unpacking my suitcase, we can put them in there. | 내가 짐가방을 다 비우면, 그 안에다 넣으면 되지. |
| He can get some bread on his way back. | 걔가 오는 길에 빵 좀 사오면 되니까. |
| I've got my oyster card, can I use it to buy a ticket? | 오이스터 카드가 있는데, 이걸로 승차권 사면 되나? |
| As far as I know, you can only order the things on the menu. | 메뉴에 있는 요리만 주문 가능하다고 나는 알고 있어서 그런데 말이야. |
| I brought one, maybe you should bring one, too. | 난 내 거 챙겼는데. 너도 필요할 지도 몰라. |
| We could use theirs for once. | 한번쯤은 우리가 남의 걸 쓰는 거지. |
| Okay, can you boil some water in the kettle, then? | 그래, 그럼 주전자에 물 좀 끓여줄 수 있어? |
| I can't hear you, Mike! | 안 들려, 마이크! |
| Oh yes, I can see it now. | 아, 그렇네요. 이제 보여요. |
