हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| I have finished my wine, we can leave any time you want. | मैंने अपनी वाइन खत्म कर ली है, तुम जब चाहो हम निकल सकते हैं। |
| As far as I know, you can only order the things on the menu. | जहाँ तक मुझे पता है, तुम केवल मेन्यू में दी गयी चीजें मंगा सकते हो। |
| Impossible dear, you can smoke in the kitchen or the garden! | यह नामुमकिन है प्रिय, तुम रसोईघर या बगीचे में सिगरेट पी सकते हो! |
| Can I get you some drinks to start with? | क्या मैं पहले आपके लिए कुछ पीने के लिए ला सकती हूँ? |
| Can you separate your clothes, then? | तो फिर, क्या तुम अपने कपड़े अलग कर सकते हो? |
| Then we might not be able to find it here, either. | तो फिर हमें यह यहाँ भी नहीं मिला सकता। |
| That movie might even be older than me! | वो फिल्म तो मुझसे भी पुरानी होगी! |
| I guess I can leave around four-ish. | मुझे लगता है मैं चार बजे के लगभग निकल सकती हूँ। |
| I can use incense for the smell... | मैं महक के लिए अगरबत्ती इस्तेमाल कर सकता हूँ... |
| It's a very long time, who could stand it? | यह बहुत लंबा समय है, इसे कौन सहन कर सकता है? |
| But we should tell them to clean up the mess. | लेकिन हमें उन्हें यह साफ करने के लिए बोल देना चाहिए। |
| By just paying a little bit more you could've rented a house in better condition. | बस थोड़े ज्यादा पैसे देकर तुम्हें किराये पर एक अच्छा घर मिल सकता था। |
| Mike, can you hear me? | माइक, क्या आप मुझे सुन सकते हैं? |
| Sorry... Beary! Come here, my boy, seems we have to wait a while. | माफ करना... बेयर! यहां आओ, लगता है हमें थोड़ी देर इंतज़ार करना होगा। |
| Joseph, I'm taking the room, we can sign the contract! | जोसफ, मैं कमरा ले रही हूँ, हम अनुबंध पर हस्ताक्षर कर सकते हैं! |
| I'm so excited, we should definitely do it as soon as possible. | मैं बहुत रोमांचित हूँ, निश्चित रूप से हमें जल्दी से जल्दी यह करना चाहिए। |
| I thought you might not like strong coffees. | मैंने सोचा तुम्हें तेज कॉफ़ी पसंद नहीं होगी। |
| Same, I can take you out for dinner! | वही, मैं तुम्हें डिनर पर ले जा सकता हूँ! |
| I brought one, maybe you should bring one, too. | मैंने अपना जैकेट लिया है, शायद तुम्हें भी एक रख लेना चाहिए। |
| I can't decide if I should get calamari or shrimp. | मैं फैसला नहीं कर पा रही हूँ कि मैं कालामारी लूं या झींगा। |
