हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| I said it was a mistake, I was terribly sorry, what else could I say? | मैंने उससे कहा कि गलती हो गयी, मैं इसके माफ़ी चाहती हूँ, मैं और क्या कह सकती थी? |
| No way, what else can I have instead of chips? | नहीं, मैं चिप्स के अलावा और क्या ले सकता हूँ? |
| I don't think you can use any other rice for risotto. | मुझे नहीं लगता कि आप रिसोट्टो के लिए कोई दूसरा चावल इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं। |
| We can get the other things on the way back. | हम वापस जाते समय दूसरी चीजें ले सकते हैं। |
| It's not easy, but not impossible, in the end, you can get it. | यह आसान नहीं है, लेकिन असंभव भी नहीं है, अंत में आपको यह मिल सकता है। |
| Can you do me a favour in return? | क्या बदले में तुम मेरा एक काम कर सकती हो? |
| I wish I could, but I can't, I have to get ready for work. | काश मैं कर पाती, लेकिन नहीं कर सकती, मुझे काम के लिए तैयार होना है। |
| You shouldn't smoke where we sleep. | तुम्हें उस जगह सिगरेट नहीं पीना चाहिए जहाँ हम सोते हैं। |
| Impossible dear, you can smoke in the kitchen or the garden! | यह नामुमकिन है प्रिय, तुम रसोईघर या बगीचे में सिगरेट पी सकते हो! |
| Sorry Mike, I can't hear you, I have to hang up. | माफ करना माइक, मैं आपको नहीं सुन पा रही हूँ, मुझे रखना होगा। |
| They must be right. | वे सही कहते हैं। |
| The train leaves in a few minutes, we should get on soon. | ट्रेन कुछ मिनट में चलेगी, हमें जल्दी चढ़ना चाहिए। |
| I've got my oyster card, can I use it to buy a ticket? | मैं अपना ओएस्टर कार्ड लायी हूँ, क्या मैं टिकट खरीदने के लिए इसे प्रयोग कर सकती हूँ? |
| My sixth sense tells me I must clean it. | मेरी छठी इंद्री कहती है कि मुझे इसे जरुर साफ करना चाहिए। |
| Umm... I'm sorry, but I can't find a booking in that name. | उम्म... माफ़ करियेगा, लेकिन मुझे उस नाम से यहाँ कोई बुकिंग नहीं दिख रही। |
| We can see how Bear and Pogo get on together. | हम यह देख सकते हैं कि बेयर और पोगो एक साथ कैसे रहते हैं। |
| We can ask the shop assistant first. | पहले हम दुकान के सहायक से पूछ सकते हैं। |
| Hello, Camden-City Real Estate, how can I help you? | हैलो, कैमडेन-सिटी रियल एस्टेट, मैं आपकी कैसे मदद कर सकती हूँ? |
| Yes, normally, that's what they should do. | हाँ, आमतौर पर, उन्हें यही करना चाहिए। |
| I'm already doing all the donkey work, how else can I help? | मैं पहले ही गधे की तरह सारा काम कर रहा हूँ, अब मैं और कैसे तुम्हारी मदद कर सकता हूँ? |
