हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Um, sorry, I don't have the ad number, where can I find it? | उम्म, माफ़ करना, मेरे पास विज्ञापन संख्या नहीं है, मुझे यह कहाँ मिल सकता है? |
| Okay, the earliest I can take Bear out is 7. | ठीक है, तो मैं 7 बजे तक बेयर को बाहर ले जा सकता हूँ। |
| Hello guys, I can hear you shouting from upstairs. | हैलो दोस्तों, मैं ऊपर से तुम्हारे चिल्लाने की आवाज़ सुन सकता हूँ। |
| I can use incense for the smell... | मैं महक के लिए अगरबत्ती इस्तेमाल कर सकता हूँ... |
| How can I turn it on? | मैं इसे कैसे चालू कर सकती हूँ? |
| She could leave the front door open and let them out! | वो आगे का दरवाज़ा खुला छोड़कर उन्हें बाहर जाने दे सकती है! |
| Haven't decided yet, but you can call me when you finish. | अभी तक सोचा नहीं लेकिन, अपना काम खत्म करने बाद तुम मुझे कॉल कर सकते हो। |
| It doesn't matter for me, you can get the one you like best. | मुझे इससे कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता, तुम्हें जो सबसे अच्छा लगे ले सकती हो। |
| Since I can't smoke in the room, I have to go to the garden. | चूँकि मैं कमरे में सिगरेट नहीं पी सकता, इसलिए मुझे बगीचे में जाना होगा। |
| I can't promise, but we can try, at least. | मैं वादा नहीं कर सकता, लेकिन, कम से कम हम कोशिश कर सकते हैं। |
| They should be back any time. | वे किसी भी समय वापस आते होंगे। |
| Great! Can I have your number, then? | बहुत अच्छा! तो क्या मुझे तुम्हारा नंबर मिल सकता है? |
| I don't think so, she could have been her great-grandmother, maybe. | मुझे ऐसा नहीं लगता, शायद, वो उसकी परदादी हो सकती थी। |
| Maybe we can just borrow two slices of bread, then. | तो फिर शायद हम ब्रेड के दो टुकड़े उधार ले सकते हैं। |
| I already couldn't sleep at all last night! | मैं पहले ही कल रात बिलकुल भी सो नहीं पायी हूँ! |
| Can't your housemates look after him? | क्या तुम्हारे साथ घर में रहने वाले लोग उसका ध्यान नहीं रख सकते हैं? |
| Okay, but can we talk about when to meet first? | ठीक है, लेकिन क्या हम पहले यह बात कर सकते हैं कि कब मिलना है? |
| It's a very long time, who could stand it? | यह बहुत लंबा समय है, इसे कौन सहन कर सकता है? |
| Sorry... Beary! Come here, my boy, seems we have to wait a while. | माफ करना... बेयर! यहां आओ, लगता है हमें थोड़ी देर इंतज़ार करना होगा। |
| I have to be back at school by 12:30. | मुझे 12:30 तक स्कूल वापस पहुँचना है। |
