हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Um, sorry, I don't have the ad number, where can I find it? | उम्म, माफ़ करना, मेरे पास विज्ञापन संख्या नहीं है, मुझे यह कहाँ मिल सकता है? |
| I thought we could keep the spare room as a study for you. | मैंने सोचा हम बचे हुए कमरे को तुम्हारे अध्ययन कक्ष के रूप में रख सकते हैं। |
| They might have some more in stock. | उनके पास भंडार में यह हो सकता है। |
| He is a bit of a d*ck, as you might have already realised. | यह थोड़ा बेवकूफ है, जो आपको अब तक पता चल गया होगा। |
| I'm not homophobic, but still you should've told me that before. | मुझे समलैंगिकों से डर नहीं लगता, लेकिन फिर भी तुम्हें मुझे पहले बताना चाहिए था। |
| I believe with four of us we can afford it easily. | मुझे लगता है हम चार लोगों के साथ हम आसानी से इसका बोझ उठा सकते हैं। |
| Can't we have the meeting without the f*cking IT manager! | क्या हम उस चू*ये आईटी प्रबंधक के बिना बैठक नहीं कर सकते हैं! |
| But he can't walk on it. | लेकिन वो इसपर चल नहीं पा रहा। |
| We could use theirs for once. | हम एक बार उनकी चीजों का भी इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं। |
| Can you do me a favour in return? | क्या बदले में तुम मेरा एक काम कर सकती हो? |
| Since I can't smoke in the room, I have to go to the garden. | चूँकि मैं कमरे में सिगरेट नहीं पी सकता, इसलिए मुझे बगीचे में जाना होगा। |
| It's a very long time, who could stand it? | यह बहुत लंबा समय है, इसे कौन सहन कर सकता है? |
| Maybe she could even put some poison in their food! | शायद वो उनके खाने में कुछ जहर भी डाल सकती है! |
| As you might know, you should always keep an eye on your stuff at pubs. | जैसा कि आपको पता होगा, पब में आपको अपनी चीजों का हमेशा ध्यान रखना चाहिए। |
| Mr. Jones, I'm calling about the house in Angel! Can you hear me? | श्रीमान जोंस, मैंने एंजेल में घर के लिए कॉल किया है! क्या आप मुझे सुन सकते हैं? |
| We can see how Bear and Pogo get on together. | हम यह देख सकते हैं कि बेयर और पोगो एक साथ कैसे रहते हैं। |
| We can continue talking about that on the train. | हम ट्रेन में इसके बारे में बात कर सकते हैं। |
| Umm, can I do it after I smoke? | उम्म, क्या मैं सिगरेट पीने के बाद यह कर सकता हूँ? |
| Hm... All the stuff on the left hand side can go. | हम्म... बायीं तरफ वाली सभी चीजें जा सकती हैं। |
| Yeah, maybe next time you can put that as a note on the ad. | हाँ, शायद अगली बार आप अपने विज्ञापन में टिप्पणी के रूप में यह डाल सकते हैं। |
